The 29-year-old native from Hamilton, New Zealand, led a race-high 45 of 80 laps en route to his second IndyCar career victory in his second full-time season in the series.
The 31-year-old Ericsson from Kumla, Sweden, led three times for 13 of 200 laps before fending off Pato O'Ward in a two-lap shootout to claim his first Indy 500 title.
The two-time IndyCar Series champion executed a bold final lap pass over teammate Scott McLaughlin to record the 600th overall motorsports victory for Team Penske at the Lone Star state.